Rupert of Palatinate-Mosbach (1437 – 1 November 1465, Ybbs) was a German nobleman and clergyman.
His parents were Otto I, Count Palatine of Mosbach (son of Rupert, King of Germany and younger brother of Louis III) and his wife Joanna of Bavaria-Landshut (eldest daughter of Henry XVI, Duke of Bavaria).
He was recommended as bishop by Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, Ladislaus the Posthumous and Louis IX, Duke of Bavaria, leaving pope Callixtus III little option but to confirm the nomination.
Rupert defended the prince-bishopric from the Hussites and the robber barons.
At a synod held by Rupert sinecure owners were reassigned, whilst he also ensured that sermons were better related to the text of the scriptures and acquired the castle at Barbing as an episcopal residence.