Russian Party of Social Democracy (RPSD; Russian: Российская партия социальной демократии; РПСД; Rossiyskaya partiya sotsialnoy demokratii, RPSD), initially United Movement of Social Democracy (UMSD or EDSD; Russian: Единое движение социал-демократии; ЕДСД; Yedinoye dvizheniye sotsial-demokratii, YeDSD) was a political party in Russia.

It was founded in February 1995 on the initiative of Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev, the 'architect of perestroika', who in 1994 had called for forming a united movement of Russian social democrats.

At first it seemed that many notable perestroika era politicians with social-democratic or 'generally democratic' views would join the new organization.

Alexander Yakovlev was elected as the chairman, the party's programme emphasised 'social partnership', and at the same time supported constructive co-operation with the government and president Yeltsin.

At the moment of registration (April 1995) the party had 4,700 members with little support outside Moscow.