Rustburg was named for Jeremiah Rust, who donated 50 acres (200,000 m2) of his land for the village in 1784.

The Campbell County Courthouse was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981.

Virginia Route 24 also leads through the center of town, running northeast 9 miles (14 km) to Concord and west 5 miles (8 km) to U.S. Route 29 at Yellow Branch.

Long Mountain, topped with communication towers, rises to a summit elevation of 1,440 feet (440 m) northeast of the center of town.

28.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.