Rustem Hazitovich Dautov (Рустем Хазитович Даутов, born 28 November 1965 in Ufa) is a German chess player of Tatar origin who holds the FIDE title of Grandmaster.

He completed his military service in the 1980s in the sports department of the Soviet army, which was stationed in East Germany.

His biggest success was in 2000 at the 34th Chess Olympiad in Istanbul, where he and his team got the silver medal (Russia scored gold).

In the late 1990s he won tournaments in Bad Homburg (1997), Seefeld (1997), Essen (1999) (shared with Vadim Zvjaginsev, Emil Sutovsky and Larry Christiansen) and Deizisau 2002 (amongst others shared with Vladimir Epishin and Levon Aronian).

Since the season 2016/17, Dautov plays for the team of SF Deizisau in the Second Chess Bundesliga.