Ruth Nicholson FRCOG (2 December 1884 -18 July 1963) was an English obstetrician and gynaecologist who served as a surgeon in the Scottish Women's Hospital at Royaumont, France during the First World War.

For this work she was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the Médaille d’Honneur des Épidémies by the French government.

[3] She became second-in-command of the unit under the chief medical officer Frances Ivens, with whom she shared the bulk of the major surgical workload.

Vera Collum wrote "I do not think the médecin-chef Frances Ivens or the second-in-command Miss Nicholson ever got more than three hours rest in the 24 during that strenuous fortnight.

Working as a general practitioner in Birkenhead, she prepared for the necessary examinations and became a founder member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG) in 1929.

[3] A blue plaque commemorating Ruth Nicholson was unveiled at her former home at 32 Kenilworth Road, Elswick, Newcastle upon Tyne on 27 August 2021.