The last documented encounter was in 1907, and when in the 1920s a more extensive expedition to the island's interior was conducted, no traces of their active habitation were found; the Jangil had become extinct.

However, with the great reduction in numbers of these peoples, and their (enforced) relocation to more restricted areas, the island no longer has any permanent indigenous settlement.

It is separated from Little Andaman by the Duncan Passage, and from North Clinque Island by Manner Strait.

According to the 2011 census of India, the island has 119 households, with 347 inhabitants, speaking Hindi, Bengali, Tamil.

Rutland Island offers an ideal base for training open water divers.