The delegation consisted of a single short-distance runner Alex Anjos, who was chosen as São Tomé and Príncipe's flag bearer for the opening ceremony.

The country participated in the Olympics on six occasions prior to their debut at the 2016 Summer Paralympics held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil from 7 to 18 September.

[1][2] São Tomé and Príncipe intended to make its debut in the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London, United Kingdom,[3] but withdrew days before the multi-sport event commenced for unknown reasons.

[5] The São Tomé and Príncipe National Paralympic Committee sent one short-distance sprinter to the Games, Alex Anjos, who was selected to be the country's flag bearer for the opening ceremony.

[2][10] Anjos was disqualified from the second heat of the men's 100 metres T47 on 10 September due to him arriving late at the Estádio Olímpico João Havelange.