São Tomean Portuguese

With regard to vowel raising in this variety, this process is linked to the age group of the speakers, with younger people being the ones who perform it the most, which suggests an ongoing change.

Some speakers produce the trilled alveolar consonant [r] in positions within the word that does not exist in the Portuguese spoken in Brazil and Portugal.

Added to this is the emergence of the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ] as a variant that clearly distinguishes two generations of Portuguese speakers, those under 39 and those over 40, or those born before or after the independence of the country.

The fact that those born after independence use this variant more is linked to the construction of a Santomean identity, a way of distinguishing Portuguese from European, used by former colonizers.

Although there is a pejorative idea among São Toméans around the use of the voiced uvular fricative [ʁ], which involves many questions of national identity.