Samuel Mendelsohn (1850–1922) was a Lithuanian Jewish rabbi and scholar born near Kaunas, Lithuania.
In 1883 he received the honorary degree of doctor of law from the University of North Carolina.
Mendelsohn published The Criminal Jurisprudence of the Ancient Hebrews (Baltimore, 1891), in addition to several pamphlets and a large number of articles on subjects of general Jewish interest and Talmudical research, in Ha-Ẓofeh, the Jewish Messenger, Jewish Record, South Atlantic Magazine, American Israelite, and Revue des Etudes Juives.
He had one son, Charles Jastrow Mendelsohn; the latter was fellow in classics in the University of Pennsylvania (1901–1903), where he also received the degree of doctor of philosophy in 1904.
Rabbi Mendelsohn was active in a number of fraternal and charitable organizations, including the Cornelius Harnett Council, Royal Acanum, Odd Fellows, B’nai B’rith and the Fraternal Mystic Circle.