Originally a dual-purpose decoration for bravery and for outstanding service, it was converted into an award for senior officers only in 1979.

Recipients were entitled to use the post-nominal letters SOO, standing for Stella Officii Optimi, the Latin form of the name.

It was awarded to all ranks of the South African Police, for particular gallantry, or for outstanding service, resourcefulness, leadership, or sense of responsibility and personal example.

A new decoration, the SA Police Star for Outstanding Service, was instituted to replace the SOO's original role.

On the obverse is a green six-pointed star depicting the "torch of life", the "wings of peace", and the "scales of justice".