Sahiwal Division is situated in east-central Punjab, along the N-5 National Highway, approximately midway between Lahore and Multan.

With an elevation of approximately 500 ft (150 m) above sea level, parts of the division rise to over 200 meters, contributing to its varied topography.

About 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Sahiwal is Harappa, an ancient city of the Indus Valley Civilization.

About 28 miles (45 km) west of Sahiwal, at Kamalia township, is the site of Malli, a city captured by Alexander the Great in 325 BCE.

Alexander stayed in this region of Punjab for two years in a time of frequent military conflict.

This cattle breed is tick resistant, heat tolerant and resistant to external and internal parasites Due to their heat tolerance and high milk production, Sahiwal cattle are grown in other Asian countries, African nations such as Kenya, Burundi, Somalia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria and Caribbean nations such as Jamaica, and Guyana.

The Nili-Ravi is a breed of domestic water buffalo native to the Sahiwal area.

According to 2017 census, Sahiwal division had a population of 7,378,065, which includes 3,769,226 males and 3,608,089 females.