The Saint Francis's satyr (Neonympha mitchellii francisci) is an endangered butterfly subspecies found only in the US state of North Carolina.

It is a subspecies of N. mitchellii and is restricted to a single metapopulation on Fort Bragg military base in Hoke and Cumberland counties.

The eyespots on its wings are primarily dark brown or maroon, rimmed with yellow and with flecks of white that reflect silver in the middle.

Currently, the butterfly's range is completely isolated to the training fields of Fort Bragg, a military base in Cumberland and Hoke counties in North Carolina.

[11] The Saint Francis's satyr's habitat is composed of wide, open grasslands; wetlands; and sedge-dominant ecosystems that experience regular natural disturbance.

The main focus for conservation of these butterflies is continuing to preserve and grow the existing subpopulations, as well as enforcing the strict regulations on poaching and collecting.

These changes resulted in the loss of the creation of wet meadow habitat due to beaver hunting and control measures, as well as human fire suppression.

[4] Anthropogenic factors affecting the Saint Francis's satyr's continued existence include close proximity to roads increasing the likelihood of butterfly death via toxic chemical spills, pest control programs that help to mitigate the effects of mosquitoes and gypsy moths that harm butterfly populations, and human fire exclusion limiting the formation of habitat land for the Saint Francis's satyr.

[4] However, its location on the Fort Liberty military base increases its survival because the frequent ecological disturbances created by troop movements allow meadow creation.

Experts recommend downlisting the Saint Francis's satyr once two criteria are met: the metapopulation has stabilized or increased in number for at least 10 to 15 years and once there is a long-term plan to manage the species' survival.

The ESA prohibits the sale, import, export, and removal of the Saint Francis's satyr to limit collection pressures.

[13] There are also laws preventing federal agencies from taking part in activities that will harm the species in areas where they are vulnerable, including road construction, pesticide application, and beaver control.

[12] Currently, laws have been passed to protect butterfly populations and their habitat, including regulations for federal agencies, prohibitions of certain practices, and recovery plans.

[13] The following recovery plan strives to improve conditions for Saint Francis's satyr survival so that it can be downlisted to threatened before being delisted completely.

[12] Establish more wild populations in historic range:[13] This involves rearing butterflies in captivity for release and protecting habitat suitable for new colony sites.

Education plans focus on eliminating illegal collection and creating collaborations with landowners to restore commercial land to habitat suitable for these butterflies.

The nominate subspecies, N. m. mitchellii, is distributed sparsely in the mid- and eastern US, including in Michigan, Alabama, Mississippi, and Virginia, and formerly New Jersey.