Saint Jerome or Penitent Saint Jerome is an oil-on-canvas painting executed c.1640–1650 by the Italian artist Guercino, now in the Royal Palace of Naples.
Twentieth-century art critics argue it was commissioned by someone featured in the painter's accounts book.
[1] The earliest definite reference to the work dates to 1680, when it was recorded at the Palazzo del Giardino in Parma as part of the Farnese collection, though it is unknown how it entered that collection.
In 1734, before being moved to Naples, the Jerome was recorded as being at the Ducal Palace in Parma.
[1] The work was then largely forgotten before being re-evaluated at the end of the 20th century.