Generally dated to 1605–06, the painting is located in the Galleria Borghese in Rome.

In this image, Jerome is reading intently, an outstretched arm resting with quill.

[1] The painting is generally dated to 1605–06, largely on the statements of 17th-century art historical biographer Gian Pietro Bellori, though Denis Mahon suggests 1602–1604.

[2] Whether or not the dating is accurate, the work is believed to have originated from Caravaggio's late Roman period,[6] which ended with the painter's exile to Malta in 1606.

[7] That Saint Jerome Writing is the work of Caravaggio is sometimes brought into question, as it was attributed to Jusepe de Ribera in the Borghese inventories from 1700 until 1893.