The initial development of Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière is linked to the construction of the chemins Craig and Gosford Roads in the mid-19th century.

Although the new constitution dates from 1743, following the amalgamation of the village and parish of Sainte-Agathe, the territory was opened to settlers in 1830.

Sainte-Agathe-de-Lotbinière's territory, located at the foot of the Appalachian Mountains, is crossed by small water streams and presents a predominantly agricultural and forestry character.

The territory mainly grows a mixed forest and is part of the hemiborated climatic zone.

The municipality covers 167.04 km squared of surface area, which is about 10% of the Lotbinière MRC territory.