Built on the land bequeathed by Alexis Landry in 1791, the sanctuary includes a chapel, a Stations of the Cross, a well, a fountain, a cemetery, and monuments, all set in a bocage.

The exact reason for its construction is unknown, but it is linked to the historical quarrel between the inhabitants of the east and west of the town.

Alexis Landry (1721–1798), a merchant born in Grand-Pré and a survivor of the Expulsion of the Acadians, settled in Caraquet probably around 1757 with three other families.

[4] Escaping deportation again during Roderick MacKenzie's raid in 1761, Landry left his land with his family for a few years to ensure his safety.

[7][8] This church, dedicated to Sainte Anne, would have been built out of logs on land donated by Landry, with the permission of the Jesuit Jean-Baptiste de La Brosse.

The first was Charles-François Bailly de Messein (1768–1773), followed by Joseph-Mathurin Bourg (1773–1785) and Antoine Girouard (1785–1787), who became the first resident missionary in Caraquet in 1787.

[4] Mathurin Bourg wanted it to be built near the cemetery,[4] although he had already been planning for several years to build a church in a more central location.

[5] On July 10, 1793, Landry gave up part of his estate for the building, on condition that he and his heirs would have the free use of an enclosed fishing bank and that the cost of his funeral would be covered by the fabric.

[15] Saint-Pierre-aux-Liens church was finally built in the center of Caraquet between 1857 and 1860.Several sources mention 1914 as the year of the first Sainte-Anne pilgrimage, at the time of a shipwreck.

[20] The Caraquet & Gulf Shore railway was built nearby in 1887, and even before the work was completed in November, the train made a stop at Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage station, allowing pilgrims from as far away as Bathurst to come to the shrine.

[15] On June 4, 1914, the four sailors on the schooner Mary Jane made a pilgrimage to Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage as soon as they arrived in port to thank the saint for saving them during a storm.

[22] A staircase leading to the so-called miraculous spring, as well as a grotto housing a statue, were built and blessed the same year.

[23] A museum was opened in the sanctuary in 1940, containing letters, maps, objects of worship previously used in the chapel, and other items, including some that belonged to Alexis Landry.

[24] In 1947, Martin Lavigne of Bathurst claimed to have been miraculously cured of a disability after the pilgrimage, attracting a record crowd of probably 20,000 the following year.

[28] Construction of the Stations of the Cross was completed in 1954, the Marian year, with the installation of the fifteen mysteries of the rosary.

A stone and bronze monument to Alexis Landry was unveiled in 1956 to mark the 75th anniversary of the First Acadian National Convention, held in Memramcook in 1881.

[28] Historical events and personalities, including Alexis Landry and Marcel-François Richard, are highlighted during novenas, making the Bocage a place to commemorate Acadian nationalism.

[29] A replica of the chapel as it existed before 20th-century renovations were built in the 1970s at the Village Historique Acadien Provincial Park,[18] a tourist site near Caraquet that recreates life from 1770 to 1939 using some forty buildings and costumed interpreters.

[32] On July 26, 2004, to mark the 400th anniversary of Acadia, Cardinal Marc Ouellet celebrated a mass attended by more than 10,000 people.

[37] On the other hand, the attention paid to the balustrade and the painting of the ceiling demonstrates the care taken in the construction of this building.

This second chapel has an altar made of unhewn stone bonded with mortar, topped with a wooden plank, and decorated at the front with a brass bas-relief of the Last Supper.

The apse features the flag of Acadia, the words Ave maris stella, which is the name of the Acadian hymn, and wooden silhouettes of seagulls.

There is also a statue of Sainte Anne teaching the Virgin Mary to read.More than 260 people are buried in the cemetery,[15] but only a few headstones still remain.

[29] On the pedestal are three panels: the one on the left represents the Deportation of the Acadians, the one in the middle of the miraculous fishing, and the one on the right the arrival of the founders of Caraquet.

This group of monuments was installed by the Société nationale de l'Acadie at various sites around the world linked to the Great Upheaval.

To the north of the chapel, a fifty-meter path leads up to a staircase onto a terrace on the shore of Caraquet Bay.

A fountain is located here, topped by a stone grotto containing a statue once again depicting Sainte Anne and the Virgin Mary.

On the night of July 25 to 26, a pilgrimage is held from the church of Saint-Michel Archange in Inkerman to Sainte-Anne-du-Bocage, a distance of more than 25 kilometers.

[19] The sanctuary is also the site of an annual mass on August 15, the National Acadian Day and of Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption, the patron saint of Acadia.