Yakut is a member of the Northeastern Common Turkic family of languages, which also includes Shor, Tuvan and Dolgan.

[6] Despite all the aberrant features of Sakha (i.e. Yakut), it is still considered to belong to Common Turkic (in contrast to Chuvash).

There is an additional regular morphophonological pattern for [t]-final stems: they assimilate in place of articulation with an immediately following labial or velar.

Examples of I can be seen in the first-person singular possessive agreement suffix -(I)m:[27] as in (a): aat-ïmname-POSS.1SGaat-ïmname-POSS.1SG'my name'et-immeat-POSS.1SGet-immeat-POSS.1SG'my meat'uol-umson-POSS.1SGuol-umson-POSS.1SG'my son'üüt-ümmilk-POSS.1SGüüt-ümmilk-POSS.1SG'my milk'The underlyingly low vowel phoneme A is represented through the third-person singular agreement suffix -(t)A[28] in (b): aɣa-tafather-POSS.3SGaɣa-tafather-POSS.3SG'his/her father'iỹe-temother-POSS.3SGiỹe-temother-POSS.3SG'his/her mother'oɣo-tochild-POSS.3SGoɣo-tochild-POSS.3SG'his/her child'töbö-tötop-POSS.3SGtöbö-tötop-POSS.3SG'his/her top'uol-ason-POSS.3SGuol-ason-POSS.3SG'his/her son'After three earlier phases of development, Yakut is currently written using the Cyrillic script: the modern Yakut alphabet, established in 1939 by the Soviet Union, consists of all the Russian characters with five additional letters for phonemes not present in Russian: Ҕҕ, Ҥҥ, Өө, Һһ, Үү, as follows: Long vowels are represented through the doubling of vowels, e.g. үүт (üüt) /yːt/ 'milk', a practice that many scholars follow in romanizations of the language.

[29][30][31] The full Yakut alphabet contains letters for consonant phonemes not present in native words (and thus not indicated in the phonology tables above): the letters В /v/, Е /(j)e/, Ё /jo|/, Ж /ʒ/, З /z/, Ф /f/, Ц /t͡s/, Ш /ʃ/, Щ /ɕː/, Ъ, Ю /ju/, Я /ja/ are used exclusively in Russian loanwords.

Bibliographic sources and libraries typically use the ALA-LC Romanization tables for non-Slavic languages in Cyrillic script.

[34] Comparison of some of these systems can be seen in the following: дьон/d͡ʒon/peopleдьон/d͡ʒon/people'people'[35]айыы/ajɯː/creationайыы/ajɯː/creation'creation'[36]бу/buDEMытɯtdogаттааҕарat.taːɣarhorse-COMPтүргэнникtyrgɛn.nɪkfast-ADVсүүрэрsyːrɛr/run-PRESбу ыт аттааҕар түргэнник сүүрэр/bu ɯt at.taːɣar tyrgɛn.nɪk syːrɛr/DEM dog horse-COMP fast-ADV run-PRES'This dog runs faster than a horse'[37]эһэ/ɛhɛbearбөрөтөөҕөрbøɾøtøːɣørwolf-COMPкүүстээхkyːstɛːχ/strong-haveэһэ бөрөтөөҕөр күүстээх/ɛhɛ bøɾøtøːɣør kyːstɛːχ/bear wolf-COMP strong-have'A bear is stronger than a wolf'[37] The typical word order can be summarized as subject – adverb – object – verb; possessor – possessed; adjective – noun.

The word кыргыттар, disregarding the composite -(ы)ттар plural suffix, has cognates in numerous Turkic languages, such as Uzbek (qirqin 'bondwoman'), Bashkir, Tatar, Kyrgyz (кыз-кыркын 'girls'), Chuvash (хӑрхӑм), Turkmen (gyrnak) and extinct Qarakhanid, Khwarezmian and Chaghatay.

Only Sakha (Yakut) has a rich case system that differs markedly from all the other Siberian Turkic languages.

Instead, locative, dative and allative cases are realized through Common Turkic dative suffix: Норуокка"хайахаппыыстата"диэнаатынанбиллэрхайаҕаүүнэрүүнээйи.Норуокка "хайа хаппыыстата" диэн аатынан биллэр хайаҕа үүнэр үүнээйи.A plant known among locals as "mountain cabbage" that grows on a mountain.

Yakut has eight grammatical cases: nominative (unmarked), accusative -(n)I, dative -GA, partitive -TA, ablative -(t)tan, instrumental -(I)nAn, comitative -LIIn, and comparative -TAAɣAr.

drink-IMP.2SGDrink [all] the water!The partitive is only used in imperative or necessitative expressions, e.g. Uː-tawater-PTa-γal-ϊaχ-χabring-PRO-DATnaːda.necessary.Uː-ta a-γal-ϊaχ-χa naːda.water-PT bring-PRO-DAT necessary.One has to bring some water.Note the word naːda is borrowed from Russian надо (must).

[1] Immediate imperative example: НиколайАтласовалаадьыныбуһарыытуһунанкэпсииринистиҥНиколай Атласов алаадьыны буһарыы туһунан кэпсиирин истиҥListen to Nikolay Atlasov’s talk about preparing oladyi.Common Turkic has denominal suffix -LA, used to create verbs from nouns (i.e. Uzbek tishla= 'to bite' from tish 'tooth').

The suffix is also present in Sakha (in various shapes, due to vowel harmony), but Sakha takes it a step further: theoretically verbs can be created from any noun by attaching to that noun the denominal suffix: Арайбиирдэ,теннистиитуран,хараҕымааһаниһэркыыскахатанатүспүтэ.Арай биирдэ, теннистии туран, хараҕым ааһан иһэр кыыска хатана түспүтэ.Once upon a time, while playing tennis, my eyes caught a sight of a girl passing by.where the word for “playing tennis” (теннистии) is derived from теннистээ, “to play tennis”, created by attaching the suffix -тээ.

They express simultaneous and sequential action and are also used with auxiliary verbs, preceding them: КүлүгүнкыттаохсуһантаҕыстыҥКүлүгүн кытта охсуһан таҕыстыҥYou continuously fought with his shadow.Simultaneous and sequential actions are expressed through the converbial suffix -а(н): Самаансайынбүтэн,айылҕабарахсануһунулукуутугароҥостордууот-масхагдарыйанкүөхсолкосимэҕиныһыктаркүһүҥҥүтымныысалгыннаах,сиппэрэҥкүннэртуралларСамаан сайын бүтэн, айылҕа барахсан уһун улук уутугар оҥостордуу от-мас хагдарыйан күөх солко симэҕин ыһыктар күһүҥҥү тымныы салгыннаах, сиппэрэҥ күннэр туралларSummer having past, very cold and sleety days of autumn arise wherein the mother nature dresses in robe made green by plants growing in shallow waters.Кэлэниһэллэр,итириктэрКэлэн иһэллэр, итириктэрAfter coming, they would drink (and) get drunk.The Sakha yes–no question marker is enclitic duo or du:, whereas almost all other Turkic languages use markers of the type -mI, compare: Күөрэгэйkyœregejlark-NOMырыатынïrïa-tï-nsong-3SG.POSS-ACCистэҕинist-e-ɣinhear-PRS-2SGдуо?=duo?=QКүөрэгэй ырыатын истэҕин дуо?kyœregej ïrïa-tï-n ist-e-ɣin =duo?lark-NOM song-3SG.POSS-ACC hear-PRS-2SG =QDo you hear the song of larks?and the same sentence in Uzbek (note the question suffix -mi in contrast to Sakha): To’rg’ay jirini eshit(a)yapsanmi?

Sample question words include: туох (tuox) 'what', ким (kim) 'who', хайдах (xajdax) 'how', хас (xas) 'how much; how many', ханна (xanna) 'where', and ханнык (xannïk) 'which'.

Ordinals are formed by appending -үс to numerals: Казань-дойдубутүһүстэбэрсүрэҕэКазань - дойдубут үһүс тэбэр сүрэҕэQazan - the third beating heart of our countryTogether with having a considerable number of Russian loanwords, Sakha language features Russisms in colloquial speech.

The Yakut lexicon includes loans from Russian, Mongolic, Evenki, and number of words from other languages or of unknown origin.

They have begun a program to teach young people to sing this in their language and revive it, though in a modified form.

This short book (consisting of 52 pages) is intended to be a condensed introduction to the fundamentals of Islam in Sakha.