The school is among the oldest in Prishtina and Kosovo, and it holds the name of the writer, philosopher, playwright and prominent figure of the Albanian Renaissance Movement, Sami Frashëri.

The gymnasium offers two distinct pathways: Social Sciences (Albanian: "Shkenca Shoqerore"), housed in the former technical school, and Natural Sciences (Albanian: "Shkenca Natyrore"), located in the original building.

It provides instruction in a comprehensive range of subjects including mathematics (Analysis & Algebra), the native language, one to three foreign languages, history, geography, computer science (informatics), the natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics), history of art, music, philosophy, logic, physical education, and the social sciences (sociology, ethics or religious education, psychology, politics, and economics).

In 1941, after Germany and Italy took power over Yugoslavia, Albanians who lived under the Serbian rule, new and better conditions were made for their education.

A large part of Kosovo and other Albanian lands, who were under Serbian rule until 1941, joined Albania in an Italian Occupied zone.

After the failure of this reform, the school continued as a classical gymnasium, with 2 pathways lasting 4 years.

"Sami Frashëri" Gymnasium can be seen as a very old school with many traditions, that has made a huge contribution to the education of Albanians in Kosovo.