Samuel Adams (June 5, 1805 – February 27, 1850) was an American politician who served as acting governor of Arkansas from April to November 1844.

On April 29, 1844, Governor Archibald Yell resigned from his office to run for the U.S. House of Representatives.

In 1846, Adams was elected to the office of State Treasurer and served in that position until his death.

He is buried in the historic Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Adams was the stepfather of Civil War General James Fleming Fagan.