Samuel P. Wheeler (1839–1906) was a prominent Illinois lawyer of the nineteenth century.
After high school, he moved to Illinois, initially finding work as a teacher.
His colleagues there included Christopher C. Brown, John T. Stuart, and Benjamin S. Edwards.
Wheeler was elected president of the Illinois State Bar Association in 1893, succeeding Lyman Trumbull.
Wheeler was active in the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America and served as a member of the board of directors of the Southern Illinois Normal School for twenty five years.