Created in 1976, it comprises 83 small, uninhabited islands, scattered throughout the San Juans, with a combined area of approximately 454 acres (1.84 km2).

The refuge provides sanctuary for a large variety of animals including species of gull, cormorant, guillemot, puffin, brant, oystercatcher, killdeer, auklet, bald eagle, and harbor seal.

Harbor seals and whales are common in surrounding water and black brant have historically used the kelp beds for winter feeding.

Public entry to the designated land is not permitted, with the exception of Matia Island, which is accessed by a cove with a dock.

[5] This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.