[3] Between 1818 and 1902, the Province of Aurora, then a district of "El Principe", Nueva Ecija, consisted only of Baler and Casiguran.

The four other existing municipalities were just mission villages like the San Jose de Casecnan (now Maria Aurora), Dipaculao, Dilasag and Ditale, while what is now the municipality of San Luis was a barrio of Baler adjacent to the old barrios of Real, Bacong, Ditumabo and Zarah.

From there, they organized and formed a guerilla group called "205th Squadron" which later became instrumental in liberating the province against the Japanese invading forces by the local Filipino soldiers and the recognized guerrillas in 1945.

In 1945, local Filipino troops of the 3rd, 5th, 52nd, 53rd, 54th, 55th, 56th and 57th Infantry Division of the Philippine Commonwealth Army and 5th Constabulary Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary was liberated in San Luis, Tayabas and helping recognized guerrilla groups of the 205th Squadron Guerrillas to defeat and fight against the Japanese Imperial forces and ended in World War II during the Northern Tayabas Campaign.

Local officials sought the assistance of Representative Manuel Enverga of Quezon's 1st district to create a separate municipality comprising the adjacent barrios.

Miscellaneous land types consist of built-up are (146), beach sand (149) river wash area (152).

About 63% of its total land area is considered moderately high-to-high elevation highlands exceeding 500 metres (1,600 ft) above sea level.

San Luis falls under the Type IV climate of the Corona Classification with no distinct dry and wet seasons.

Igneous rocks were formed from cooling liquid magma, and subsequently solidified on or near the atmosphere (volcanic or extrusive).

Metamorphic rocks are largely found at the western and eastern portion of the municipality (mountainous areas facing the Pacific Ocean).

Since population of the Barangays of the municipality of San Luis is characterized by being sited mostly on lowlands (A&D)[clarification needed] and partially in forestland, it was decided to present population density both based on the total land area and estimated inhabited area.

The municipality has provided various housing assistance projects in cooperation with various agencies such as Gawad Kalinga, CAVA Habitat for Humanity, TRANSDEN, and DSWDO[clarification needed].

The rest are planted to citrus, coffee, banana, corn, ube, sweet potato, ginger, pineapple, etc.

Of this, 30 are solar dryers/concrete pavements, 16 threshers, 38 hand tractors, 7 rice mills, 10 warehouse and 2 mechanical dryers.

The majority of palay produced by farmers of San Luis is milled and sold either wholesale or retail to buyers which in turn transport these outside the province.

56, and Dikapinisan has an average critical watershed index of 0.34, meaning the erosion levels, deforestation, hill farming and logging roads combined indicate a relatively low risk of environmental damage.

The rest of the watersheds are classified under the moderately low risk to cause environmental damage in the short-term.

There are a total of 300 fishermen in four coastal barangays of San Luis considered with the sustenance level as they operate on small scale.

The species caught using this type are frigate tunas, big eye scads, yellow fin tunas, pacific sailfish groupers, Spanish mackerels and slip mouth, round scads, maya-maya, flying fish, bumo and saray.

The most home and cottage industry operators are engaged in sabutan craft producing various designs of hats, mats, placemat and other accessories.

Raw materials are readily available and the market outlets for finished products are sold locally and abroad.

Pottery making is one of the potential business opportunities in the municipality because of the availability of raw materials (clay soil and used rubber tires) and its marketability.

The above-mentioned industries are sources of livelihood for a considerable number of the population and considered as one of the factors in the municipality's economic growth.

These irrigation infrastructure facilities are support strategy mechanism to the Agricultural and Fisheries Modernization Act of 1997 (R.A 8435).

San Luis is accessible via the Baler-Bongabon Road that crosses the Sierra Madre Mountain Range and links the municipality with the province of Nueva Ecija.

Other means of land transportation are bicycles, handtractor, motorcycles, bull cart, vans and cars.

It has a total capacity of 5 Mega volts Ampere (MVA) stationed in Barangay San Isidro.

This project is by the Municipality of San Luis is with counterpart from the Central Luzon State University Affiliated Non-Conventional Energy Center (CLSU-ANEC) and Barangay Dimanayat.

San Luis Mini-Hydro Power Plant is operationalized since June 2013 and one of the other income generating project of the municipality with minimum capacity of 400 kilowatts.

The major rivers of the municipality are commonly experiencing riverbanks erosion, which are attributed to loose young soil materials (alluvial), and large volume of floodwaters with high velocity.