Defunct Sanfedismo (from Santa Fede, "Holy Faith" in Italian) was a popular anti-Jacobin movement, organized by Fabrizio Cardinal Ruffo, which mobilized peasants of the Kingdom of Naples against the pro-French Parthenopaean Republic in 1799, its aims culminating in the restoration of the Monarchy under Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies.

Its full name was the Army of Holy Faith in our Lord Jesus Christ (Italian: Armata della Santa Fede in nostro Signore Gesù Cristo),[1] and its members were called Sanfedisti.

The terms Santafede, Sanfedismo and Sanfedisti (sometimes rendered in English as 'Sanfedism' and 'Sanfedist') are sometimes used more generally to refer to any religiously motivated, improvised peasant army that sprung up on the Italian peninsula to resist the newly created French client republics.

[5] On January 25, 1799, two days after the proclamation of the Parthenopean Republic, Ferdinand appointed Ruffo, while both were taking refuge in Palermo, Sicily, to act as his vicar-general on the Italian mainland.

[10] Furthermore, Bishop Giovanni Andrea Serrao, the Jansenist leader in southern Italy and despite being a supporter of the Parthenopaean Republic, was summarily executed on February 24, 1799, by the Republican soldiers of the Potenza garrison, as Ruffo's forces were drawing near to the city.