Prince Sanjō Sanetomi (三条 実美, 13 March 1837 – 18 February 1891) was a Japanese Imperial court noble and statesman at the time of the Meiji Restoration.

He held several important posts in Court and became a central figure in the anti-Western, anti-Tokugawa sonnō jōi ("Revere the Emperor, Expel the Barbarian") movement.

When the coup d'état of September 30, 1863, brought the more moderate Aizu and Satsuma factions into power, he fled to Chōshū.

The Emperor refused to appoint a new prime minister for the next two months, making Sanjō the only Prime Minister of Japan (albeit interim) who also concurrently held the post of Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal.

[1] In 1890, he assumed a seat in the new House of Peers in the Diet of Japan established by the Meiji Constitution.