Santa Balbina is a Roman Catholic basilica church in a quiet area on the side of the Aventine Hill, in Rome.

Christian ownership resulted in substantial renovation in around 370: walls were heightened and the internal layout was modified along the lines of today's church.

It has been handed down that when the Emperor Constantine departed to found the city that became Constantinople, he bade farewell to Pope Sylvester I at this church.

In the eighth century, the basilica was consecrated by Pope Gregory III to the entirely mythical St Balbina, whose legend has her dying around 130 CE.

Initially affiliated with the Augustinians, the church came into the charge of secular priests of Naples during Pope Innocent XII's time.

[citation needed] Because the church's physical state had deteriorated, Archbishop Erdő was appointed cardinal priest of Santa Maria Nuova in March 2023.