In 1165, it is recorded as Santa Maria in Via, whose appellative means "on the Way", with a reference to the nearby Via Flaminia.

Pope Innocent VIII ordered the construction of the current church, which was built in 1491–1513.

Renovations were performed under Francesco da Volterra and later by Carlo Lombardi.

The works were completed under Cardinal Saint Robert Bellarmine, titular of the church, in 1604.

[2] The occupants of the titulus have been:[3][4] Media related to Santa Maria in Via at Wikimedia Commons