Urged by Filippo Neri, by 1540 lay members of his order gathered at the church of San Girolamo della Carità.

The consecration took place on June 12, 1616 and the church was titled initially Santissima Trinità e San Benedetto.

In 2008 Pope Benedict XVI entrusted the parish to the Priestly Fraternity of St. Peter (FSSP), a society of apostolic life dedicated to the celebration and preservation of the Tridentine Mass, the 1962 form of which is authorised, under certain conditions, for continued use within the Catholic Church.

[1] The SS Trinità dei Pellegrini church provides the Mass in this form for the local community, as well as for tourists and pilgrims.

As the home parish of the Latin Mass in Rome, Santissima Trinità hosts numerous visiting clergy who celebrate the Latin mass, including Archbishop Alexander King Sample of Portland in Oregon,[2] Bishop Athanasius Schneider of Astana, Kazakhstan,[3] and Raymond Cardinal Burke.