She also originated the dual role of Betsey/Lindsey in the Royal Court Theatre's production of Clybourne Park, for which she was nominated for a 2011 Olivier Award, and later performed it on Broadway.
Shortly after graduating, Goldberg gained her first role in a production of Carson McCullers' The Member of the Wedding at the Young Vic.
[8] She portrayed Alison Porter in Sam Gold's off-Broadway 2012 revival of John Osborne's Look Back in Anger, opposite Adam Driver and Matthew Rhys,[9][10] and then appeared in Amy Herzog's The Great God Pan at Playwrights Horizons.
[11] Goldberg had small parts in the films A Bunch of Amateurs (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012).
[14] In 2024, she has a recurring role as Petra Koenig in the third season of the HBO comedy-drama series Industry.