[4] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.

[5] Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.

[7][8][9][10] Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi),[11] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions: India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.

[12] This 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,[13] is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).

[16] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862,[26] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[27] or the US state of Oregon.

[26] At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 93.16% of the population in the district spoke Bhojpuri, 4.45% Hindi and 2.28% Urdu as their first language.