[4] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.

[5] Hathwa Raj was a zamindar dynasty in the Saran division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.

[7][8][9][10] Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi),[11] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions: India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.

[12] This 3.5 km (2.2 mi) long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,[13] is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).

[16] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.

This can partly be attributed to the non business friendly socialism inspired governments led by RJD in the region from 2001 to 2014.

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,951,862,[26] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[27] or the US state of Oregon.