It is located 110 km east of Patna and is on the National Highway NH33 (linking Arwal to Mokameh and passes through Bihar Sharif) and State Highway SH78 (Bihta - Sarmera) connecting it to major cities in Bihar.

Major inhabited villages in Sarmera are Husena,Gopalbad, Brindawan, Pojh, Chero, Parnawa, Isua, Bari Malawan, Choti Malawan, Kenar, Mirnagar, Rupaspur, Sasaur, dHARAMPUR and until 1943 it was ruled by royal family of Nalanda.

The recorded history of Sarmera dates back to Akbar's reign when the area was known as Gayaspur Pargana and was assigned as a mansab by him to the Dhaulani Babhans (Bhumihars) from Dhaulpur (Rajasthan) who ruled Sarmera estate till independence when the estate was annexed and made a part of the Indian Union.first ancestor of dhaulani was gang Rai and gambhir Rai whom gyaspur pargana was gifted by Mughal king Akbar The main occupation is agriculture and agriculture related commercial activities.

Families are very traditional, and often large.Many of the youngsters have out migrated from here for job opportunities.However, as people are getting education, they are becoming liberal.Caste system is ingrained in the social fabric of the place in the same way as it exists in other parts of Bihar.

The common attire of the people includes dhoti, kurta and gamchha, a large rectangular cotton cloth on their shoulders or tied round heads.