Sarothruridae is a family of small- to medium-sized ground-living birds found mostly in Madagascar and sub-Saharan Africa, with the genus Rallicula being restricted to New Guinea and the Moluccas.

[1] These birds are highly similar to small plump Rallidae at a casual glance, and typically plumaged brown-and-black with lighter (white or beige) pattern.

Except for Mentocrex, they have pronounced sexual dimorphism, while in Rallidae the sexes generally cannot be distinguished in the field.

Sarothruridae males differ from females in basic coloration to a varying extent, and their wings and sometimes bellies are typically unpatterned, speckled, or adorned with lengthwise streaks; females, by contrast, have a barred pattern, in some species consisting of distinct spots arranged in vertical rows.

Also, Rallidae have squealing, croaking, whistling or rasping vocalizations, often fairly high-pitched given their body size, while Sarothruridae have surprisingly (given their size) low-pitched hooting or moaning calls reminiscent of owls.