The zosterophylls were among the first vascular plants in the fossil record, and share an ancestor with the living lycophytes.

In their major cladistic study of early land plants, Kenrick and Crane placed most of the zosterophylls in the Sawdoniales (which they treated as a plesion).

[2] In 1997, Kenrick and Crane placed most of the zosterophylls in the plesion Sawdoniales,[1] characterizing the group as having "marked bilateral symmetry".

[4] Hao and Xue in 2013 criticized their approach, and placed many of the members of Kenrick and Crane's Sawdoniales in the order Gosslingiales, characterized among other features by the absence of terminal sporangia (i.e. with only lateral sporangia), and hence indeterminate growth.

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