Immigrants make up 67.8% of the population of Scarborough—Agincourt, the highest such percentage for any Canadian federal riding;[3] those from Asia and the Middle East alone, constitute a majority of the population (53.0%), which is also the highest figure for any federal riding,[4] and, in particular, immigrants from the People's Republic of China are almost a quarter (24.7%) of the riding's population, another Canadian high.

[5] Ethnic groups: 42.9% Chinese, 17.2% White, 15.0% South Asian, 7.2% Black, 6.3% Filipino, 2.1% Arab, 1.9% West Asian, 1.3% Southeast Asian, 1.1% Latin American Languages: 30.2% English, 17.1% Cantonese, 17.0% Mandarin, 3.6% Tamil, 3.1% Tagalog, 2.6% Armenian, 2.0% Arabic, 1.3% Greek, 1.3% Urdu Religions: 41.2% Christian (16.8% Catholic, 5.0% Christian Orthodox, 1.6% Anglican, 1.3% Pentecostal, 1.2% Baptist, 15.3% Other), 7.8% Hindu, 7.6% Muslim, 4.7% Buddhist, 37.5% none Median income: $31,400 (2020) Average income: $41,560 (2020) The federal riding was created in 1987 from York—Scarborough.

A by-election was held on June 30, 2014 as a result of the resignation of Member of Parliament Jim Karygiannis to run for City Councillor in the 2014 Toronto municipal election.

Following the death of Member of Parliament Arnold Chan on September 14, 2017, his widow, Jean Yip, won the seat.

On November 5, 2017, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau announced that a by-election would be held on December 11, 2017.