Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal

Diederich Franz Leonhard von Schlechtendal (27 November 1794, Xanten – 12 October 1866, Halle) was a German botanist.

He was a professor of botany and director of the Botanical Gardens at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg from 1833 until his death in 1866.

He was editor of the botanical journal Linnaea (from 1826), and with Hugo von Mohl (1805–1872), was publisher of the Botanischen Zeitung (from 1843).

He conducted important investigations of the then largely unknown flora of Mexico, carried out in conjunction with Adelbert von Chamisso (1781–1838), and based on specimens collected by Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede (1798–1836), and Ferdinand Deppe (1794–1861).

He advocated a form common descent of "some groups of very similar species, which also inhabit a limited area".