Sebastes chrysomelas, commonly known as the black-and-yellow rockfish, is a marine fish species of the family Sebastidae.

[2] Sebastes chrysomelas was first formally described as Sebastichthys chlorostictus in 1881 by the American ichthyologists David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert with the type locality given as Monterey, California.

The specific name chrysomelas means "gold and black" a reference to the black-and-yellow color of this species.

[4] Sebastes chrysomelas' body is mainly black or brown and consists of yellow to orange spots on its back with a pale underbelly.

The yellow spots on the back are the main distinguishing factor between Sebastes chrysomelas and other species of rockfish.

Females can be seen carrying fertilized eggs for 1–2 months, typically starting in October, and then releasing them as pelagic larvae.

[6] Sebastes chrysomelas is a carnivorous animal that mainly consumes crustaceans, mollusks and various fishes.

The main predator of adult Sebastes chrysomelas are sharks, dolphins, and seals, while juveniles are hunted by birds, porpoises, fishes, lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus, cabezon, Scorpaenichthys marmoratus, and salmon.