[5] Since the beginning, there was throughout the party, and most strongly among the Evolani, "bitter hostility" towards the so-called "25 July 1943 traitors", which meant that many members stood opposed to bringing in any of the "ventennio-era Fascist hierarchs".

[6] Secolo d'Italia[N 4] was founded by Franz Turchi, World War I veteran, National Fascist Party official, and prefect of La Spezia during the time of the Italian Social Republic; its first issue appeared on 16 May 1952.

The paper's first headquarters were in via Tomacelli 146, in Rome, the same address that some years later would also house the offices of Il Manifesto and Mondoperaio, as well as the Roman editorial staff of Corriere della Sera.

[6] Junio Valerio Borghese, Mussolini loyalist, and decorated wartime veteran of the Decima, who had joined MSI in November 1952 at the invitation of its leadership,[N 5] wrote the newspaper's first editorial.

[7] While Borghese's entry into MSI inspired the party's "leftist" and Evolani wings on account of his illustrious and fanatically fascist career, he immediately sided with the "Atlanticists", supporting the "unconditional adherence" to a "pro-Western" and "philo-American" foreign policy.

[6] In July 1952, Borghese gave the introductory speech at MSI's Third Congress held at L'Aquila, denying that the party was "totalitarian" and stating that the task of all missini[8] was to "interpret the common aspirations" of the Italian people and resolve their economic problems.

He started a collaboration with the Monarchist National Party, invited back hard-liner Rauti and other radicals, and commenced tactical approaches to conservative figures within the Christian Democrats and the Liberals.

Tripodi enlisted notable journalists of the far right, such as Alberto Giovannini, former editor of the fascist periodical L'Assalto ("Assault"), and creator of the short-lived post-war review Rosso e Nero ("Red and Black") that supported a "conciliation" between fascism and socialism.

The assassination was considered to be in retaliation for the killing of Autonomia Operaia member Valerio Verbano, a few weeks before, by three unidentified gunmen,[15] generally suspected to be neo-fascist militants.

"[20][N 10] On the controversial issue of immigration, Perina published editorials in support of granting Italian citizenship to non-European Community citizens who've been residing in the country for five years or more.

[21] The same year, she co-authored along with Partito Democratico MP Alessia Mosca the essay "A dialogue on power, rights, family, in the most male-dominated country in Europe"[22] in response to the "Rubygate" scandal.

[23] In March 2011, Perina was sacked from the position of Secolo d'Italia editor-in-chief by decision of its board of directors, chaired by Giuseppe Valentino[N 11] and composed mostly of Alleanza members.

In December 2011, the newly sworn-in government of Mario Monti announced significant cutbacks to the subsidies historically dispensed to the newspaper industry, a move that hit especially hard titles with small circulations.

Foundation, and it was formulated by president Franco Mugnai, general secretary Antonio Giordano, board chairman Tommaso Foti, and managing director Alberto Dello Strologo, with the consent of the members appointed by the court during the bankruptsy-protection process.