The benefits of the application of this model include the fact it allows for an outward progression of growth.
[citation needed] The theory is based on early twentieth-century rail transport and does not make allowances for private cars that enable commuting from cheaper land outside city boundaries.
[3] This occurred in Calgary in the 1930s when many near-slums were established outside the city but close to the termini of the street car lines.
[2] The theory also does not take into account the new concepts of edge cities and boomburbs, which began to emerge in the 1980s, after the creation of the model.
Since its creation, the traditional Central Business District has diminished in importance as many retail and office buildings have moved into the suburbs.