[1] Examples of seismic attributes can include measured time, amplitude, frequency and attenuation, in addition to combinations of these.
Most seismic attributes are post-stack, but those that use CMP gathers, such as amplitude versus offset (AVO), must be analysed pre-stack.
A post-stack attribute that computes the sum of the squared amplitudes divided by the number of samples within the specified window used.
With this root mean square amplitude, one can measure reflectivity in order to map direct hydrocarbon indicators in a zone of interest.
This is not to be confused with the geological concept of azimuth, which is equivalent to strike and is measured 90° counterclockwise from the dip direction.
These attributes involve separating and classifying seismic events within each trace based on their frequency content.
The starting point of spectral decomposition is to decompose each 1D trace from the time domain into its corresponding 2D representation in the time-frequency domain by means of any method of time-frequency decomposition such as: short-time Fourier transform, continuous wavelet transform, Wigner-Ville distribution, matching pursuit, among many others.
There is an inverse relationship between the thickness of a rock layer and the corresponding peak frequency of its seismic reflection.