Self-segregation

According to researcher Emma Neuman at Linnaeus University, segregation sets in at population share around 3-4% of non-European migrants in a district, while European immigration shows no such trend.

[9][10] Muslim migrants to the country also have high rates of endogamy, for example it is estimated that around 55% of British Pakistanis are married to their first cousins.

[12] Calls for action against this trend have increased in volume since the 2001 race riots in Bradford and Oldham,[13] where racial segregation is present as well.

[17][18] In 2023, according to research published by Queen's University Belfast, England and Wales have been becoming more diverse and less ethnically segregated over time, following an in-depth analysis of 2021 Census data.

[19] In Bradford, self-segregation between the prominent Muslim minority in the city and the White British population exists at large and was a factor behind the race riots in 2001.

Examples of ethno-religious groups with higher levels of endogamy that have successfully resisted cultural destruction and assimilation for centuries are the Romani (colloquially referred to by non-members as "Gypsies"), the Ashkenazi Jews of Europe and the Americas and the Afrikaners of South Africa.

In Bradford , different ethnic groups live in 'parallel lives' to each other and the city is largely ethnically and religiously self-segregated. However, some put this up to differences in income over ethnicity. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Image shown is the proportion of the White British population in 2011 in Bradford