PSS was founded in July 1934 by Lamine Guèye, as a split from the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO).
Guèye was the party president, Armand Angrand (former mayor of Dakar) general secretary and Maître Vidal, Charles Graziani and Amadou Assane Ndoye vice-presidents.
Ahead of the elections PSS formed its own combat groups, to protect their meetings.
In 1937, a joint list of SFIO and PSS won the municipal elections in Saint-Louis.
The congress of PSS held June 4–5, 1938, decided to merge the party with SFIO.