The Seni rebab (Hindustani: सेनी रबाब (Devanagari), سینی رباب (Nastaleeq), Punjabi: ਸੇਨੀ ਰੱਬਾਬ), also known as the Seniya rabab (Hindustani: सेनिया रबाब (Devanagari), سنیا رباب (Nastaleeq)) is a plucked string instrument used in northern India that is said to have been developed by, and to have taken its name from, the notable musician Tansen in the time of the emperor Akbar the Great.

It has "a large hook at the back of its head, making it easier for a musician to sling it over the shoulder and play it even while walking.

It was played by different castes, from the high Brahmins leading religious songs to "low-caste entertainers.

The name seni rabāb may be an Indian adaptation from a Persian designation of the instrument; "Sen-e-rabab" is supposed to mean rebab of [Tan] Sen.[5] Guru Nanak started the Sikh rababi tradition by engaging Bhai Mardana as his accompanist.

The Sikh rabab was traditionally a local Punjabi variant known as the 'Firandia' rabab (Punjabi: ਫਿਰੰਦੀਆ ਰਬਾਬ Phiradī'ā rabāba),[6][7][8][9] however Baldeep Singh, an expert in the Sikh musical tradition, challenges this narrative.