Serafima Tarasovna Amosova (Russian: Серафима Тарасовна Амосова; 20 August 1914 – 17 December 1992) was the deputy commander of flight operations in the 46th Guards Night Bomber Aviation Regiment during the Second World War.

Amosova was born in central Siberia on 20 August 1914 to a working-class family; her father worked at the local Chernorechenskaya railway depot.

After escalation of the Second World War across Europe, in January 1941 she was appointed squadron commander to train military-aged men at Yanaul Airport, Bashkortostan.

While male students were deployed to the warfront the female flight instructors were told to remain in Bashkortostan to train new cadets.

Suspecting they were over the wrong location she flew back to an aerial checkpoint and made another approach but was again met by a lack of anti-aircraft fire.