Serbia won their first U19 title as independent country at the 2013 UEFA European Under-19 Championship, where they beat France in the final 1–0.

The Yugoslav U18 team represented the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until the country dissolved in 1992.

The biggest success on the intercontinental stage happened on the 1987 FIFA World Youth Championship in Chile, when they became the world youth champions by beating the West Germany 5–4 in the final on a penalty shootout in Santiago.

Since the changes in 2001. made by UEFA, when the competition received its current name and level (U19), the Serbian squad has reached the semifinals in 2005, 2009, 2011, and 2014.

The Serbian Football Association is deemed the direct successor to both SFR Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro by FIFA, and therefore the inheritor to all the records of the defunct nations.