Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the Football Association of Serbia completed a restructure of the league system, and in season 2020/2021 that meant 18 clubs would be competing in the Serbian First League, the number of clubs will go back to the usual 16 following the conclusion of the 2020-2021 season.

The Football Association of Serbia announced that in the 2015–16 Serbian First League 4 clubs will be relegated.

With the break-up of SFR Yugoslavia in 1992, the clubs from the newly independent states of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia joined to their own newly formed leagues, while Serbia and Montenegro remained united and renamed into FR Yugoslavia with the clubs from both republics kept competing in the league.

In 2003, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was renamed to Serbia and Montenegro and the football league followed suit.

The following is a list of clubs who have played in the Serbian First League at any time since its formation in 2005 to the current season.