Order of Lenin (1933) Sergey Petrovich Fedorov (Russian: Серге́й Петро́вич Фёдоров, alternative English spelling Sergey Petrovich Fyodorov) was a Russian Empire surgeon-urologist, professor of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (1903) and the Imperial Court Surgeon (1913).

In 1903 Sergey Fedorov was elected professor and head of the Subdepartment of Hospital Surgery at the Imperial Military Medical Academy in Saint Petersburg, the post he occupied till the end of his life.

During World War I Professor Fedorov used to accompany the Emperor Nicholas II and the Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich in their travels to the front.

However, the Leib-Surgeon had to report to the Emperor about the disappointing condition of the health of Alexei Romanov, who due to a severe hereditary disease could not ascend the throne.

The founder of the Russian school of urology, Professor Fedorov proposed new methods of diagnosis and developed new surgical instruments and techniques for operations on the kidneys and the urinary tract; for example, in 1899 he performed the first single-stage suprapubic prostatectomy.

He developed new techniques and modified old ones for operating on the brain, the autonomic and peripheral nervous systems, the intestines, and the bile ducts.

He was also concerned with the surgical treatment of diseases of the esophagus and the lungs, with traumatology and military field surgery, and with oncology, anesthesiology, and blood transfusion».

[2] On 7 December 1909 in the Clinic of Hospital Surgery of the Imperial Military Medical Academy Professor Fedorov used for the first time intravenous gedonal anesthesia (Hedonal) invented by Nikolai Kravkov.

[3] Professor Fedorov founded the largest national school of surgery, which included Vladimir Shamov, Vasily Dobrotvorsky, Nikolai Yelanskiy, Ivan Kolesnikov, Ivan Zhitnyuk, Nikolai Kukudzhanov, Izrail Talman, Andronik Chaika, Pyotr Kupriyanov, and others.