After playing college football for the Texas Tech Red Raider, he was signed by the Atlanta Falcons as an undrafted free agent in 2013.

In his freshman season, 2004, Seth Doege was the starting quarterback for Crane High School and led the Golden Cranes to the area round of the playoffs, a loss to the (Tuscola) Jim Ned Indians, who were led by senior quarterback Colt McCoy.

Despite the injuries, Texas Tech head coach Mike Leach honored the school's earlier 2006 offer of a scholarship, and Doege signed his letter of intent to play for the Red Raiders in February 2008.

[10] One week after the loss to Kansas State, Doege led the Red Raiders to a 41–38 upset victory over number-three Oklahoma in Norman.

Texas Tech bounced back the next week on October 13, defeating then-number-five-ranked (AP poll) West Virginia in a 49–14 upset.

[22][23] The following week against conference opponent TCU, Doege surpassed his career high by throwing for seven touchdowns in a 56–53 triple-overtime win for Texas Tech.

His touchdown pass to Alex Torres in the third overtime period gave Texas Tech the winning points.

[24] Following the victory, Texas Tech rose to 14th in the BCS standings and Doege was named as a semifinalist for the Davey O'Brien Award.

[26] Additionally, he earned ESPN/AT&T All-America Player of the Week honors for the third time of his career, and he began to be mentioned as being in the running for the Heisman Trophy.

He completed a 35-yard touchdown to Eric Ward with 1:10 remaining to tie the game at 31–31, and the Red Raiders went on to win 34–31 with a last-second field goal.

[33] He appeared in four games for the Roughriders in the 2014 season; completing 14 of 31 pass attempts for 150 yards, with no touchdowns and five interceptions.

[34] Following his release from the CFL, Doege was hired on as a graduate assistant for head coach Mike Jinks with Bowling Green.

[36] In 2022, he was hired as an offensive analyst at Ole Miss, by former USC head coach Lane Kiffin.