Feminizing surgery
Feminizing gender-affirming surgery for transgender women or transfeminine non-binary people describes a variety of surgical procedures that alter the body to provide physical traits more comfortable and affirming to an individual's gender identity and overall functioning.
Sexual sensation is typically retained following surgery, and the self-reported rate of personal satisfaction with surgical results across different vaginoplasty techniques is very high.
If the patient had been circumcised before surgery, skin from the scrotum may also be used to construct the walls of the neovagina after cauterising the hair follicles.
peritoneal pull-down or pull-through (PPT), is based on neovaginal techniques documented in the 1970s and 80s[21][22][23] for cisgender women born without a vaginal canal due to agenesis/atresia,[24][25] which were referred to as the "Davydov" procedure[25][26] or "Rothman's" method.
However, in bowel vaginoplasty a segment of rectosigmoid colon is grafted into a surgically created canal to form the neovagina.
[13] As bowel vaginoplasty uses colon to construct the neovagina, post-operative depth is not dependent on the length of the penis prior to surgery.
This makes it appropriate for individuals who have already undergone penectomy, orchiectomy, or who had a penis smaller than the desired depth of the neovagina prior to surgery.
Because vulvoplasty does not create a neovagina, it is appropriate for individuals who do not wish to have vaginal sex following surgery or who are not interested in the increased aftercare routine of vaginoplasty.
Some trans women choose to undergo this procedure if hormone therapy does not yield satisfactory results.
Usually, typical growth for trans women is one to two cup sizes below closely related females such as the mother or sisters.
Progesterone also rounds out the breast to an adult Tanner stage-5 shape and matures and darkens the areola.
Since estrogen alone does not alter a person's vocal range or pitch, some people take the risk that comes along with voice feminization surgery.
A tracheal shave procedure is also sometimes used to reduce the cartilage in the area of the throat and minimize the appearance of the Adam's apple in order to assimilate to female physical features.
[citation needed] The pubescent pelvis will broaden under estrogen therapy even if the skeleton is anatomically masculine.
Lili Elbe was the first well-known recipient of male-to-female sex reassignment surgery, in Germany in 1930, the first being Dora Richter.
[citation needed] In 1966, Johns Hopkins University opened the first sex reassignment surgery clinic in America.
The Hopkins Gender Identity Clinic was made up of two plastic surgeons, two psychiatrists, two psychologists, a gynecologist, a urologist, and a pediatrician.
In 2017, for the first time, the United States Defense Health Agency approved payment for sex reassignment surgery for an active-duty U.S. military service member.
