Formed from the Connecticut Western Reserve, Shalersville Township covers an area of 28 sq mi (73 km2).

[5] The first settlers, the family of Joel Baker of Tolland County, Connecticut, arrived in 1806 and the township government was organized in 1812.

[7] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

Ohio State Routes 303 and 44 pass through Shalersville and intersect at the middle of the township.

The Ohio Turnpike also cuts through Shalersville, and in the 1990s the exit at State Route 44 was added.