Sheet metal
Parts manufactured from sheet metal must maintain a uniform thickness for ideal results.
Sometimes hot-dip galvanizing process is adopted as needed to prevent it from rusting due to constant exposure to the outdoors.
Sheet metal is used in automobile and truck (lorry) bodies, major appliances, airplane fuselages and wings, tinplate for tin cans, roofing for buildings (architecture), and many other applications.
Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines.
Sheet metals appeared in the United States in the 1870s, being used for shingle roofing, stamped ornamental ceilings, and exterior façades.
Norman Corporation, were able to stay in business by making other products until Historic preservation projects aided the revival of ornamental sheet metal.
It is often used in stampings, spun and drawn parts, mail boxes, cabinets, tanks, and fan blades.
Even though incoming sheet coil may meet tensile test specifications, high rejection rate is often observed in production due to inconsistent material behavior.
The hydraulic sheet bulge test emulates biaxial deformation conditions commonly seen in production operations.
[9] Use of gauge numbers to designate sheet metal thickness is discouraged by numerous international standards organizations.
The older United States Standard Gauge is based upon 40 lb per square foot per inch thick.
The gauge thicknesses shown in column 2 (U.S. standard sheet and plate iron and steel decimal inch (mm)) seem somewhat arbitrary.
The progression of thicknesses is clear in column 3 (U.S. standard for sheet and plate iron and steel 64ths inch (delta)).
It is a metal working process of removing camber, the horizontal bend, from a strip shaped material.
Deep drawing is used for making automotive fuel tanks, kitchen sinks, two-piece aluminum cans, etc.
This leads to a more uniform grain structure which limits tearing and is referred to as "draw quality" material.
Expanding is a process of cutting or stamping slits in alternating pattern much like the stretcher bond in brickwork and then stretching the sheet open in accordion-like fashion.
Hydroforming is a process that is analogous to deep drawing, in that the part is formed by stretching the blank over a stationary die.
Sheet metal can be cut in various ways, from hand tools called tin snips up to very large powered shears.
Perforating is a cutting process that punches multiple small holes close together in a flat workpiece.
Perforated sheet metal is used to make a wide variety of surface cutting tools, such as the surform.
This is a form of bending used to produce long, thin sheet metal parts.
The backgauge can be computer controlled to allow the operator to make a series of bends in a component to a high degree of accuracy.
A typical component (such as the side of a computer case) can be cut to high precision from a blank sheet in under 15 seconds by either a press or a laser CNC machine.
A continuous bending operation for producing open profiles or welded tubes with long lengths or in large quantities.
It is classified according to its temperature of rolling:[22] Spinning is used to make tubular (axis-symmetric) parts by fixing a piece of sheet stock to a rotating form (mandrel).
Spinning is used to make rocket motor casings, missile nose cones, satellite dishes and metal kitchen funnels.
Stamping includes a variety of operations such as punching, blanking, embossing, bending, flanging, and coining; simple or complex shapes can be formed at high production rates; tooling and equipment costs can be high, but labor costs are low.
An English wheel is used by a craftsperson to form compound curves from a flat sheet of metal of aluminium or steel.
to make the final product we want (such as computer chassis, washing machine shells, refrigerator door panels, etc.
